Cardiac surgery services at the University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust site have been provided since the 1950s, all at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital site. The unit undertakes approximately 750 conventional open-heart procedures, 20-30 heart transplants, 15-20 lung transplants, 10-15 durable implantable left ventricular assist devices (iLVADs) and 30-50 temporary mechanical circular support (tMCS) episodes per year. It also performs combined heart-lung, heart liver and lung liver transplants more rarely.